Power Law
Where Bitcoin stands in its long-term trend
At €61’885 bitcoin is 37 % below its long-term trend and 2 % above its floor: a range in which buying and holding for years has paid off every time so far.
The floor reaches today's price in less than a month.
Price as of 2026-11-13 23:01 UTC (OKX).
Log chart since 2010
The daily close on a logarithmic scale with trend (fair value), floor and top band. The top band comes down toward the floor, as the cycle tops did, and since Jan 2022 the trend runs in the middle between the two; the lines never cross. The dots mark the bear-market lows. The model's lines run one year into the future.
The same chart on a linear scale: every dollar is the same height. It shows how large the moves of recent years are in dollars; the early years nearly vanish on the zero line. In percent each line grows more slowly every year: the trend by 29 % over the next twelve months, after 82 % in 2018 and 182 % in 2014, and the floor by 36 %. In dollars all three still get steeper here, because a smaller percentage of a much larger amount is more dollars. The top band stays above the trend, today at 1.62 × the trend, and the trend above the floor; measured against each other the three run closer together every year. The floor is the model's hardest claim, and it is being tested: by Dec 2028 the price must be above its highest close so far, or it is below the floor.
The Power Law's own view: price and time both on a logarithmic scale, time counted in days since the genesis block (3 Jan 2009). Here the floor is a straight line: the published Power Law. The trend runs parallel above it until Jan 2022 and bends toward it since; the top band bends toward the floor all the way. The years move closer together to the right because each year is a smaller share of bitcoin's lifetime.
The daily close on a logarithmic scale with its 2-year moving average (green, the average of the last 730 daily closes) and an upper line (red). Every boom peaked at about half as many times the average as the boom before, so the red line comes down with those peaks instead of staying at a fixed five times the average. Historically, buying when the price fell below the green line brought large returns, and a rise above the red line was a good time to take profits.
- Price
- Trend
- Floor
- Top band
- Bear-market low
- Price
- 2Y MA
- Upper line
Today: $68’220, ×0.8 the 2-year average of $89’392. The red line is at $133’631, ×1.49 the average.
Daily closes in US dollars from 18 Jul 2010 to 12 Nov 2026: from 11 January 2018 from OKX (BTC-USDT), before that Coin Metrics' reference price. Move your mouse or finger over a chart to see a day's figures.
The model today
- Fair value (trend)
- €98’511
- Floor today
- €60’778.2653
- Top band
- €159’668
- Price ÷ fair value
- 0.63×
- Distance to the floor
- +1.6 %
- Distance to fair value
- −37.3 %
- Zone
- Accumulation · Heavy buy
What the zones mean
- Floor zoneTodayHeavy buy
The price is lower than at almost any time in Bitcoin's history, measured against its trend. The model sees it as extremely undervalued. So far, the price was higher a year later on 100 % of the days in this zone.
below the floortoday below €60’778 - AccumulationTodayHeavy buy
The price is well below its long-term trend, closer to the floor than to the trend. Historically, this has been a good range for buying and holding for years. So far, the price was higher a year later on 100 % of the days in this zone.
from the floor to halfway to fair value on the log charttoday €60’778 to €77’378 - FairTodayBuy
The price is close to its long-term trend: the model's neutral estimate of what Bitcoin is worth today. So far, the price was higher a year later on 78 % of the days in this zone.
around fair value: from halfway down to the floor to halfway up to the top band on the log charttoday €77’378 to €125’415 - HotTodayHold
The price is near the top band, the level the cycle tops have reached. In the past, this has usually come before larger corrections. So far, the price was higher a year later on only 6 % of the days in this zone.
the upper half of the way from fair value to the top bandtoday €125’415 to €159’668 - EuphoriaTodaySell a small portion only
The price is above the top band, the model's line through the earlier cycle tops. By the model's measure it is extremely high. So far, the price was higher a year later on 0 % of the days in this zone.
above the top bandtoday above €159’668
Who is buying and who is selling
Green countries bought more bitcoin than they sold, red ones sold more. The arcs show where the coins went.
- Buying
- Selling
- Flow (estimate)
Last 24 hours, trades in local currency on OKX, Binance, Coinbase, Upbit, bitFlyer and Bitso.
- Japan+17.5 BTC
- Brazil+4.2 BTC
- Indonesia+2.0 BTC
- Poland+1.1 BTC
- Thailand+1.0 BTC
- United Kingdom+1.000 BTC
- India+0.075 BTC
- Argentina−0.314 BTC
- Australia−0.453 BTC
- United Arab Emirates−1.2 BTC
- Mexico−8.5 BTC
- Euro area−9.5 BTC
- Turkey−18.1 BTC
- South Korea−446 BTC
- United States of America−2’630 BTC
Flows between them
- United States of America → Japan14.8 BTC
- United States of America → Brazil3.6 BTC
- South Korea → Japan2.5 BTC
- United States of America → Indonesia1.7 BTC
- United States of America → Poland0.922 BTC
- United States of America → Thailand0.860 BTC
- Sellers → rest of the market3’087 BTC
Buying is a trade started by a buyer, selling one started by a seller, on the exchanges' markets in a local currency: OKX, Binance, Binance.US, Coinbase, Upbit (Korea), bitFlyer (Japan) and Bitso (Mexico, Argentina). The euro counts for the whole euro area, the US dollar on Coinbase and Binance.US for the United States; other dollar and stablecoin markets serve the whole world and are left out. The flows are our estimate: what the sellers sold, shared among the buyers in proportion; the rest went to or came from the rest of the market.
Last 30 days, holdings of the companies, funds and states in our Treasuries list.
- El Salvador+40.0 BTC
- United States of America−26’991 BTC
Flows between them
- United States of America → El Salvador40.0 BTC
- Sellers → rest of the market26’951 BTC
The change in holdings per country, as in the Treasuries list. The flows are our estimate: what the sellers sold, shared among the buyers in proportion; the rest went to or came from the open market.
Drawdown from the all-time high
The drawdown is how far Bitcoin is below its last all-time high. At a new high it is 0 %; the deeper the fall, the more negative it gets. It shows how deep earlier falls went and how long the price stayed down.
- Drawdown
- Price (log scale, right)
Drawdown today
- −90 %
- −75 %
- −60 %
- −45 %
- −30 %
- −15 %
- 0 % ATH
Daily closes in US dollars; today's drawdown uses the live price. The average is the mean of every day's drawdown, so the long bear markets weigh more than the short dips.
Bitcoin CAGR
The compound annual growth rate: the average yearly return of someone who bought 4, 5 or 10 years earlier, or at the first close, and held. Choose the period; the line shows it for every day, the price runs alongside.
- CAGR (left scale)
- Price in USD (right scale)
CAGR = (price ÷ price at the start)^(1 ÷ years) − 1, from the daily closes. All-time starts at the first close on 18 Jul 2010 and is drawn from 2 years after it. Both scales are logarithmic, so the steep early years and today's rates both stay readable.
Returns
Bitcoin's return in each calendar year, from the last close of the year before to the year's last close; the current year up to today's price. Green for a gain, red for a loss.
- 2011+1’471 %
- 2012+187 %
- 2013+5’286 %
- 2014−56 %
- 2015+34 %
- 2016+126 %
- 2017+1’337 %
- 2018−73 %
- 2019+94 %
- 2020+302 %
- 2021+60 %
- 2022−64 %
- 2023+156 %
- 2024+121 %
- 2025−6 %
- 2026 · so far−22 %
How much bitcoin rose or fell in each month since 2010: the month's last daily close against the previous month's, green for a gain, red for a loss.
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | −10.2 % | −14.9 % | +2.0 % | +11.8 % | −3.5 % | −20.4 % | +7.3 % | +24.9 % | +6.4 % | −7.3 % | −7.8 % | |
| 2025 | +9.5 % | −17.7 % | −2.1 % | +14.1 % | +11.1 % | +2.4 % | +8.0 % | −6.5 % | +5.4 % | −3.9 % | −17.6 % | −3.0 % |
| 2024 | +0.7 % | +43.6 % | +16.6 % | −14.9 % | +11.3 % | −7.1 % | +3.0 % | −8.8 % | +7.4 % | +11.0 % | +37.1 % | −2.9 % |
| 2023 | +39.8 % | 0.0 % | +23.0 % | +2.7 % | −6.9 % | +12.0 % | −4.1 % | −11.3 % | +3.9 % | +28.5 % | +8.9 % | +12.1 % |
| 2022 | −16.8 % | +12.2 % | +5.4 % | −17.3 % | −15.5 % | −37.3 % | +16.8 % | −13.9 % | −3.1 % | +5.5 % | −16.2 % | −3.6 % |
| 2021 | +14.5 % | +36.3 % | +30.2 % | −1.8 % | −35.4 % | −5.9 % | +18.3 % | +13.6 % | −7.0 % | +39.9 % | −7.1 % | −18.8 % |
| 2020 | +30.0 % | −8.8 % | −24.8 % | +34.5 % | +9.6 % | −3.3 % | +24.1 % | +2.8 % | −7.5 % | +26.8 % | +44.1 % | +46.8 % |
| 2019 | −7.2 % | +11.1 % | +7.6 % | +29.7 % | +60.8 % | +26.8 % | −7.1 % | −4.9 % | −13.6 % | +10.3 % | −17.5 % | −4.6 % |
| 2018 | −26.1 % | +0.3 % | −32.9 % | +33.5 % | −19.1 % | −14.6 % | +21.0 % | −9.4 % | −5.5 % | −3.9 % | −36.6 % | −8.4 % |
| 2017 | 0.0 % | +22.7 % | −9.0 % | +27.8 % | +66.4 % | +6.7 % | +16.7 % | +65.6 % | −8.6 % | +48.3 % | +55.5 % | +39.3 % |
| 2016 | −14.7 % | +19.5 % | −5.0 % | +8.2 % | +18.0 % | +27.0 % | −7.3 % | −8.4 % | +6.4 % | +14.8 % | +6.2 % | +30.6 % |
| 2015 | −32.2 % | +17.3 % | −4.0 % | −3.4 % | −2.9 % | +15.0 % | +7.9 % | −18.9 % | +2.6 % | +32.7 % | +20.1 % | +13.9 % |
| 2014 | +10.1 % | −31.4 % | −17.4 % | −1.4 % | +39.9 % | +1.8 % | −8.9 % | −17.8 % | −18.7 % | −13.4 % | +12.3 % | −15.3 % |
| 2013 | +51.4 % | +62.7 % | +181.3 % | +48.2 % | −8.1 % | −30.0 % | +9.5 % | +31.0 % | −1.8 % | +61.2 % | +450.6 % | −34.8 % |
| 2012 | +17.5 % | −12.0 % | +0.3 % | +1.1 % | +4.8 % | +28.9 % | +39.5 % | +8.4 % | +22.7 % | −10.1 % | +12.9 % | +7.6 % |
| 2011 | +75.0 % | +63.8 % | −8.8 % | +346.1 % | +149.2 % | +85.6 % | −17.4 % | −38.7 % | −37.3 % | −36.5 % | −9.2 % | +58.9 % |
| 2010 | −11.2 % | +3.2 % | +211.0 % | +8.2 % | +44.1 % |
In USD. The current month runs to the latest daily close, 12 Nov 2026.
Next difficulty adjustment
Every 2’016 blocks Bitcoin adjusts how hard it is to find a block, so that one is found about every 10 minutes. If blocks came faster, it gets harder; if slower, easier.
Block heights, times and difficulty from mempool.space, every two minutes. The expected change and date assume the period goes on at its average pace so far. Mining today →
The ladder
Where today's price stands among all daily closes in history. Each rung is a price below which a certain share of all days closed.
11.5 % of all 5’962 days since 18 Jul 2010 were more expensive than today.
- $124’673100 % of days were cheaper
- $72’34590 % of days were cheaper
- $68’220Today: 11.5 % of days were more expensive
- $47’64180 % of days were cheaper
- $27’12070 % of days were cheaper
- $10’66860 % of days were cheaper
- $6’70850 % of days were cheaper
- $99740 % of days were cheaper
- $43930 % of days were cheaper
- $18620 % of days were cheaper
- $6.7210 % of days were cheaper
- $0.050 % of days were cheaper
Cycle tracker
The current cycle compared with earlier ones, since the halving or since the all-time high. The current cycle is orange.
Since the halving: price as a multiple of the price on the halving day
Today is day 936 after the halving of 20 Apr 2024. The price is 1.1 times its value on the halving day.
| Halving | Price on the halving | On day 936 | Highest multiple |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | $12 | ×20 | ×92 · Day 371 |
| 2016 | $652 | ×5.3 | ×30 · Day 525 |
| 2020 | $8’559 | ×2.0 | ×8.5 · Day 1’402 |
| 2024 | $64’938 | ×1.1 | ×1.9 · Day 534 |
Since the all-time high: distance to the high
The last all-time high was on 6 Oct 2025 at $124’673, 402 days ago. Today the price is 43 % below it.
| All-time high | On day 402 | Lowest point · day |
|---|---|---|
| Jun 2011 · $29 | −74 % | −93 % · Day 163 |
| Dec 2013 · $1’135 | −76 % | −85 % · Day 406 |
| Dec 2017 · $19’641 | −82 % | −84 % · Day 364 |
| Nov 2021 · $67’525 | −74 % | −77 % · Day 378 |
| Oct 2025 · $124’673 | −43 % | −53 % · Day 267 |
Cycle analysis
Every cycle on the same timeline, from its start: the price as a multiple of the price on the day it began. A top is an all-time high that stood for at least a year, a bottom the lowest close between two tops. The latest cycle is orange.
From the halving to the cycle top
The 4 finished cycles took 494 days on average (371 to 546).
| From | To | Days | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Nov 2012 · $12 | 4 Dec 2013 · $1’135 | 371 | ×92 |
| 9 Jul 2016 · $652 | 16 Dec 2017 · $19’641 | 525 | ×30 |
| 11 May 2020 · $8’559 | 8 Nov 2021 · $67’525 | 546 | ×7.9 |
| 20 Apr 2024 · $64’938 | 6 Oct 2025 · $124’673 | 534 | ×1.9 |
From one cycle top to the next
The 4 finished cycles took 1’308 days on average (910 to 1’473). The current one began on 6 Oct 2025 and is on day 402: −43 % so far.
| From | To | Days | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Jun 2011 · $29 | 4 Dec 2013 · $1’135 | 910 | ×39 |
| 4 Dec 2013 · $1’135 | 16 Dec 2017 · $19’641 | 1’473 | ×17 |
| 16 Dec 2017 · $19’641 | 8 Nov 2021 · $67’525 | 1’423 | ×3.4 |
| 8 Nov 2021 · $67’525 | 6 Oct 2025 · $124’673 | 1’428 | ×1.8 |
| 6 Oct 2025 · $124’673 | open, until today | 402 | −43 % |
From the cycle top to the bear-market bottom
The 4 finished cycles took 328 days on average (163 to 406). The current one began on 6 Oct 2025 and is on day 402: −43 % so far.
| From | To | Days | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Jun 2011 · $29 | 18 Nov 2011 · $2.11 | 163 | −93 % |
| 4 Dec 2013 · $1’135 | 14 Jan 2015 · $176 | 406 | −85 % |
| 16 Dec 2017 · $19’641 | 15 Dec 2018 · $3’212 | 364 | −84 % |
| 8 Nov 2021 · $67’525 | 21 Nov 2022 · $15’784 | 378 | −77 % |
| 6 Oct 2025 · $124’673 | open, until today | 402 | −43 % |
From the bear-market bottom to the next cycle top
The 4 finished cycles took 981 days on average (747 to 1’067).
| From | To | Days | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Nov 2011 · $2.11 | 4 Dec 2013 · $1’135 | 747 | ×539 |
| 14 Jan 2015 · $176 | 16 Dec 2017 · $19’641 | 1’067 | ×112 |
| 15 Dec 2018 · $3’212 | 8 Nov 2021 · $67’525 | 1’059 | ×21 |
| 21 Nov 2022 · $15’784 | 6 Oct 2025 · $124’673 | 1’050 | ×7.9 |
From one bear-market bottom to the next
The 3 finished cycles took 1’340 days on average (1’153 to 1’437). The current one began on 21 Nov 2022 and is on day 1’452: ×4.5 so far.
| From | To | Days | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Nov 2011 · $2.11 | 14 Jan 2015 · $176 | 1’153 | ×83 |
| 14 Jan 2015 · $176 | 15 Dec 2018 · $3’212 | 1’431 | ×18 |
| 15 Dec 2018 · $3’212 | 21 Nov 2022 · $15’784 | 1’437 | ×4.9 |
| 21 Nov 2022 · $15’784 | open, until today | 1’452 | ×4.5 |
Bitcoin versus …
The usual price turned around: how much bitcoin a dollar, euro, franc, pound or yen buys. Every currency buys fewer satoshis year after year (1 bitcoin = 100 million satoshis).
One dollar in satoshis
Today one dollar buys 1’399 sats. On 18 Jul 2010 it bought 1’164’958’062 sats, 832’491 times as much.
| Day | 1 BTC in dollars | 1 dollar in satoshis |
|---|---|---|
| 18 Jul 2010 | $0.09 | 1’164’958’062 sats |
| 28 Nov 2012 | $12 | 8’109’208 sats |
| 9 Jul 2016 | $652 | 153’388 sats |
| 11 May 2020 | $8’559 | 11’683 sats |
| 20 Apr 2024 | $64’938 | 1’540 sats |
| 12 Nov 2026 | $71’461 | 1’399 sats |
Dollar, euro, franc, pound and yen in satoshis
- 1 USD
- 1 EUR
- 1 CHF
- 1 GBP
- 100 JPY
| Currency | 18 Jul 2010 | 28 Nov 2012 | 9 Jul 2016 | 11 May 2020 | 20 Apr 2024 | 12 Nov 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 USD | 1’164’958’062 sats | 8’109’208 sats | 153’388 sats | 11’683 sats | 1’540 sats | 1’399 sats |
| 1 EUR | 1’487’651’445 sats | 10’402’271 sats | 169’778 sats | 12’737 sats | 1’652 sats | 1’568 sats |
| 1 CHF | 1’105’216’421 sats | 8’631’418 sats | 156’239 sats | 12’045 sats | 1’693 sats | 1’689 sats |
| 1 GBP | 1’780’218’162 sats | 12’939’941 sats | 201’862 sats | 14’362 sats | 1’929 sats | 1’860 sats |
| 100 JPY | 1’331’486’263 sats | 10’008’439 sats | 147’313 sats | 10’899 sats | 1’001 sats | 886 sats |
Monthly: the month's last close and the European Central Bank's average exchange rate of that month; today at the latest published rates (Oct 2026).
Bear markets and cycle tops
How far the price fell after each cycle top and how long it took to reach the old high again.
| Top | Low | Fall | Days to the low | Days from the low back to the top | Days in total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Jun 2011 · $29 | 18 Nov 2011 · $2.11 | −93 % | 163 | 459 | 622 |
| 4 Dec 2013 · $1’135 | 14 Jan 2015 · $176 | −85 % | 406 | 771 | 1’177 |
| 16 Dec 2017 · $19’641 | 15 Dec 2018 · $3’212 | −84 % | 364 | 716 | 1’080 |
| 8 Nov 2021 · $67’525 | 21 Nov 2022 · $15’784 | −77 % | 378 | 469 | 847 |
| 6 Oct 2025 · $124’673 | 30 Jun 2026 · $58’628 | −53 % | 267 | not yet | 402 so far |
We count as a bear market a fall of at least 70 % from the all-time high whose low comes at least 90 days after the top. The last row is the current cycle since the last all-time high (lowest point so far).
How far each cycle top was above the trend and the floor, and how much it was from the previous bear-market low.
| Cycle top | Price | × trend | × floor | × from the previous low |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Jun 2011 | $29 | ×16 | ×37 | – |
| 4 Dec 2013 | $1’135 | ×11 | ×26 | ×539 (Nov 2011) |
| 16 Dec 2017 | $19’641 | ×6.3 | ×15 | ×112 (Jan 2015) |
| 8 Nov 2021 | $67’525 | ×2.8 | ×6.6 | ×21 (Dec 2018) |
| 6 Oct 2025 (so far) | $124’673 | ×1.5 | ×2.7 | ×7.9 (Nov 2022) |
Floor and fair value for the next 10 years
What the model gives for the start of each year or quarter. Choose the currency at the top (EUR, CHF or USD).
| Year | Floor | Fair value |
|---|---|---|
| 2027 | €63’531 | €102’182 |
| 2028 | €86’399 | €131’614 |
| 2029 | €115’749 | €168’136 |
| 2030 | €152’755 | €212’903 |
| 2031 | €199’007 | €267’547 |
| 2032 | €256’233 | €333’817 |
| 2033 | €326’599 | €413’927 |
| 2034 | €411’918 | €509’660 |
| 2035 | €514’819 | €623’691 |
| 2036 | €638’036 | €758’773 |
| Quarter | Floor | Fair value |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 2027 | €63’531 | €102’182 |
| Q2 2027 | €68’641 | €108’857 |
| Q3 2027 | €74’148 | €115’982 |
| Q4 2027 | €80’081 | €123’587 |
| Q1 2028 | €86’399 | €131’614 |
| Q2 2028 | €93’047 | €139’989 |
| Q3 2028 | €100’111 | €148’817 |
| Q4 2028 | €107’697 | €158’224 |
| Q1 2029 | €115’749 | €168’136 |
| Q2 2029 | €124’101 | €178’344 |
| Q3 2029 | €133’044 | €189’202 |
| Q4 2029 | €142’619 | €200’752 |
| Q1 2030 | €152’755 | €212’903 |
| Q2 2030 | €163’238 | €225’395 |
| Q3 2030 | €174’433 | €238’662 |
| Q4 2030 | €186’386 | €252’750 |
| Q1 2031 | €199’007 | €267’547 |
| Q2 2031 | €212’027 | €282’735 |
| Q3 2031 | €225’897 | €298’839 |
| Q4 2031 | €240’672 | €315’913 |
| Q1 2032 | €256’233 | €333’817 |
| Q2 2032 | €272’433 | €352’375 |
| Q3 2032 | €289’467 | €371’810 |
| Q4 2032 | €307’571 | €392’385 |
| Q1 2033 | €326’599 | €413’927 |
| Q2 2033 | €346’141 | €435’972 |
| Q3 2033 | €366’870 | €459’274 |
| Q4 2033 | €388’857 | €483’907 |
| Q1 2034 | €411’918 | €509’660 |
| Q2 2034 | €435’557 | €535’976 |
| Q3 2034 | €460’585 | €563’755 |
| Q4 2034 | €487’080 | €593’078 |
| Q1 2035 | €514’819 | €623’691 |
| Q2 2035 | €543’203 | €654’931 |
| Q3 2035 | €573’200 | €687’862 |
| Q4 2035 | €604’902 | €722’578 |
| Q1 2036 | €638’036 | €758’773 |
| Q2 2036 | €672’266 | €796’079 |
| Q3 2036 | €707’996 | €834’932 |
| Q4 2036 | €745’696 | €875’836 |
The model calculates in US dollars; euros and francs converted at today's rate.
How we calculate it
The Power Law describes Bitcoin's price as a straight line on a log–log chart: price against the days since the genesis block on 3 January 2009. Our floor is the published formula that other Power Law pages use too, checked with our own regression. The top band is a curve through the cycle tops: it comes down toward the floor and never reaches it. The trend is the straight Power Law line until the middle between floor and top band lies below it, and that middle since Jan 2022. The top band always stays above the trend, and the trend above the floor.
Show the math
Floor (USD) = 0.42 × 10^−16.493 × days^5.688 Top band (USD) = Floor (USD) × e^(3.56 ÷ (1 + (days ÷ 4692)³)) Trend (USD) = min(Floor (USD) ÷ 0.42, √(Floor (USD) × Top band (USD)))
- Intercept a (log10)
- −16.493
- Exponent b
- 5.688
- R²
- 0.961
- Daily closes
- 5’962
- From – to
- 2010-07-18 – 2026-11-12
- Our own regression on these closes
- 10^−16.328 × days^5.634
Formula, our own regression, floor and data sources in the methodology →
Reproduce it yourself
All the data, the formula with the parameters the site uses, and the deviations from the trend. Download the table and recalculate it in your spreadsheet.
Download the data as CSVColumns: date, close in USD, days since the genesis block, trend, floor and residual (log10 of price ÷ trend), one day per row.
Show the math
The formula
d = days since the genesis block (3 January 2009) floor(d) = 0.42 × 10^-16.493 × d^5.688 (USD) top(d) = floor(d) × e^(3.56 ÷ (1 + (d ÷ 4692)³)) trend(d) = min(floor(d) ÷ 0.42, √(floor(d) × top(d))) residual = log10(close ÷ trend(d))
Residuals
The residual is log10(price ÷ trend): 0 means exactly on the trend. Latest close: −0.182 (×0.66, 12 Nov 2026). Mean 0.005, standard deviation 0.295; lowest −0.680 (×0.21, 5 Oct 2010), highest 1.191 (×15.5, 8 Jun 2011). On 3.7 % of days the price closed below the floor, on 1.6 % in the top band.
Check: our own regression
The same regression on the daily closes up to the end of each year and on every close so far, with the value its line gives for today beside the formula's (the floor is 0.42 × that). While the price stays low for months, the regression drifts; the formula does not.
| Daily closes up to | Intercept a (log10) | Exponent b | Its line today | Against the formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| End of 2023 | −16.588 | 5.714 | €146’869 | +1.2 % |
| End of 2024 | −16.540 | 5.699 | €143’927 | −0.8 % |
| End of 2025 | −16.540 | 5.700 | €143’979 | −0.8 % |
| 12 Nov 2026 (every close) | −16.328 | 5.634 | €132’460 | −8.7 % |
No financial advice. Models are no guarantee.